I am reading the Wikipedia page on DNA profiling, specifically STR analysis. It says that DNA profiling relies on matching 20 or so loci. It also gives an account of finding false identification. But that account was published in 2008.
What is current state of art on DNA profiling? How many loci are used? Do we still need a database for constructing the probabilistic distribution of matching?
I am particularly interested in the move toward DNA sequencing, how does that affect the profiling and matching probability calculation.
Suppose we sequence the whole available sample not restricted to particular loci.
When we have a single clean sample, is it true the probability of matching bounded by the probability of monozygotic twins resulting in the mismatching probability very close to $1/2$ of the monozygotic twin probability? The latter probability across all population is about $0.002$. It this upper bound reachable?
When there are admixture of several people/suspects' DNA in a sample and all the DNA (all 24 chromosomes) are intact.
When there are admixture of several people/suspects' DNA in a sample and some (the word covers the whole spectrum of degree/proportion) DNA's are damaged/missing.
In all the above cases, does the extraneous information such as gender, race/ethnicity affect the matching probability? I suppose the degree of effect increases in the order case 1 < case 2 < case 3.
