This is very odd, and will require a rigorous investigation, but my initial reaction is one of scepticism. Considering just the 1st insert, the insert sequence is `GTNGTKR`, short at just 7 amino acids. A simple BLASTP vs NR did not find perfect matches to HIV sequences, but did reveal 100% identity across the full sequence length to >50 other short protein sequences, which could be spurious 'chance' hits of course. Many of the top 100 hits are against eukaryotic sequences, for example one is against *Pristionchus pacificus*, a type of nematode worm (see alignment below). Someone needs to do a proper peer review of this preprint before any conclusions are drawn from it.

```
>tank-1 [Pristionchus pacificus]
Sequence ID: PDM74036.1 Length: 2481 
Range 1: 1474 to 1480

Score:24.0 bits(49), Expect:2477, 
Method:, 
Identities:7/7(100%), Positives:7/7(100%), Gaps:0/7(0%)

Query  1     GTNGTKR  7
             GTNGTKR
Sbjct  1474  GTNGTKR  1480
```

UPDATE: Things are moving fast. There are now 10 comments under the preprint, all of them critical of the idea that these inserts are meaningfully similar to HIV-1 sequences for the reason I outlined above (i.e. short sequences with many hits against organisms from across the tree of life) and additional points, such as small insertions being quite normal evolution for RNA viruses. There are also similar [critiques on twitter][1] and biorxiv has added the following disclaimer header to their website:

> bioRxiv is receiving many new papers on coronavirus 2019-nCoV.   A
> reminder: these are preliminary reports that have not been
> peer-reviewed. They should not be regarded as conclusive, guide
> clinical practice/health-related behavior, or be reported in news
> media as established information.

I have never seen such rapid (and unanimous) post-publication peer review before. It is therefore already (just 1 day after publication) fairly clear that at least some claims in this study are completely false and there is no good evidence to support the claim that the 2019-nCoV have acquired sequences from HIV or evidence to suggest the virus is engineered.

  [1]: https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1223337991168380928?s=20